Young immigrant: this is the profile of domestic workers

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Young immigrant: this is the profile of domestic workers

Written by Natascia

Wednesday, 14 July 2010 08:53

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Rome, July 13 (Labitalia) - Donna, a young immigrant: this is the profile of the domestic worker that emerges from Censis' Dare to home security. Risks and prevention for domestic workers', conducted on a sample of 997 workers, with the assistance of the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, and presented today at the CNEL. According to the survey, 71.6% of the employees are in fact represented by foreigners, mostly from Eastern Europe, Romania (19.4%), Ukraine (10.4%), Poland (7.7% ) and Moldova (6.2%), but there are also numerous Filipinos (9%).

From what emerges from the research, more than 8 in 10 employees are women, a presence that remains constant is that the Italians among foreigners, while, as regards the age profile shows a pretty young, especially among the foreign component: 15.8% are under 30 years, 51.4% less than 40 (including foreign citizens, the percentage rises to 57.3% against 36.5% of Italians), and only 17.5% of the over 50 years.
For the Censis, that of domestic workers is a profession that involves a commitment to stable, permanent tendency, and that in recent years has allowed access to the market share of more and more important especially foreign workers. E 'indication, from this point of view, that length of training, such as age registry already guessed, is quite low, around 7 years, with 33.1% of workers who perform that job for less than 4 years , 26.1% from 5-6 years and only 17.3% over 10 years. The source splits the sample strongly, while the Italians and the length of training is higher (as many as 32.7% are in the profession for over 10 years), among foreigners is lowered significantly, with 38.7% working as domestic workers or caregivers for less than 4 years.
Another sign of 'professionalisation' of the employees, according to Censis, it is also the emergence of a working logic increasingly market-oriented. If the majority of employees (55.4%) work for one family 'customer', there is a considerable amount on the contrary, working for more than one family: two for 15.4%, 13.6% for three, 9.8% for 4 and 5.7% for more than four. Again, there are important differences between Italians and foreigners, with the tendency of humans to work steadily for one family (it is 58.1% against 48.6% of Italians).

If we look at job content, we are increasingly faced with a collaborator multifunctional profile, with only 23.9% of domestic help them claim it to be employed in a single activity, mainly cleaning, while the vast majority held more than one function. What emerges is therefore a role in the round, multifunctional note, which will be fitted in the gap left by traditional figure of a woman home. In addition to deal with housework (80.9%), domestic workers cook (48.7%), shoppers (37.9%), and taking care of elderly (41.5%) and dependents (27 , 6%).
The survey shows an image of 'helper' that accompanies the family in all the various tasks that need to play every day, tasks that in some cases, assistance in particular, also require specific skills. And indeed, we must remember that as many as 13.2% of domestic workers has followed the professional courses, mostly nurses (9.4%), average percentage is higher among foreign workers and more elderly. This value is still low, but that helps to confirm the impression of a category in which elements of professionalism are emerging, although still seem unappreciated by the market, they are redefining the role.
A distinction quite clear, according to research to be made between those who work in the service for one family, and those, on the contrary, shall work for several clients. In the first case, you are faced with a role that, while going more and more professionalized, however, still remains the border between family and work, if only because in 44.8% of those who work for one family houses in the same (on average 26.5% are domestic workers who sleep in the families they work for), which has implications for relational, which mean that the employee is perceived in all respects as a true and its alternate members, which are delegated most tasks performed by families.
In this case, the profile of multifunctional employee becomes even more pronounced and the tasks it is responsible multiply from the preparation of lunch and dinner (60.1%), all'accudimento the elderly (51%), from ' Night care (31.3%), health care for people in need (32.3%), the company of family members (39.5%), surveillance of the apartment itself (20.3%) up the handling of administrative or various committees (20.8%).
This clearly involves an additional workload, given that 50.1% of them (against 42.3% of those working for more families) work more than 35 hours a week, and even 26.3% (compared to 16 , 6%) more than 40. Although the market is still far from recognizing and appreciating, even economically, the growth of professionalism that this group of workers has experienced in recent years, domestic workers and carers have seen anyway increase their bargaining power. Analyzing the monthly net revenue arising from work done, in fact, the picture looks quite articulate.
If the majority falls below the threshold of 1,000 euros net per month (22.9% earn less than 600 euros, 20.2% from 600 to 800 euros net per month, 24.5% between 800 and 1,000) There is a large chunk, 32.4%, which is above the threshold of 1,000 euros, and of these, 14.6% over 1200 net per month. In terms of contractual irregularities, according to Censis, continues to be an extremely common condition. Despite the commitment also recently efforts to bring out the employment sector (the regularization of September 2009 revealed about 300,000 workers), the majority of domestic workers work in conditions of semi or full irregularities.
39.8% respondents in fact, claims to be totally irregular, while 22% are those that unravel into a 'jungle' of reports made at regular times, sometimes not, or with respect to which contributions are paid for time lower than that actually worked. Given this majority, together representing 61.8% of respondents, but there is a 38.2% claiming to play uNo regular work completely.
And, according to the research data, about one hundred hours of work of an employee, only 42.4 are those for which the contributions are actually paid, which means that nearly 6 hours out of ten are devoid of any form of social security coverage . In the South, the level of irregularities rises to 72.7% and 58.8% of workers (24.4% against the North West and 38.8% of the Centre) who claim to be totally irregular and 13.9% partially irregular. The higher the level of contribution is processed, whereas only 24.8 out of 100 work hours are covered by contributions.
The phenomenon is most striking irregularity young workers (56.3% is totally illegal for people under 30 years) and inexperienced (48% of workers with less than four years of service, well above the 30% who has at least ten). Moreover, contrary to what one might expect, are the Italians to be more involved in the phenomenon: it works entirely in black 34.7% of foreigners and 53.9% of Italians.

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